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Grapeseeds (Vitis vinifera L.) are the seeds of grape berries and contain considerable quantities of oil (15-16%) Grapeseed oil is a by-product of the wine industry and is extracted by using solvents from previously dried grape seeds. The crude oil extracted is dark in color which becomes golden-yellow after refining. It is used as a table oil and is very suitable for frying as it has a high smoke point. According to the regulations in force, the oil must meet the requirements indicated in the following technical data sheet:

CARATTERISTICAREQUISITIMETODO DI ANALISI 
Relative density at a 20/20°Cfrom 0,920 to 0,926See A.1.1
Refractive index nD at 40°Cfrom 1,467 to 1,477See A.1.2
Number of iodinefrom 128 to 150See A.1.3
Content in sterols mg / kgfrom 2000 to 7000See A.1.5
Acidity, expressed as oleic acid,%max 0,5See A.1.6
Number of peroxides, meq oxygen / kgmax 7,0See A.1.7
Impurities (petroleum ether)%max 0,05UNI EN ISO 663
Soaps, expressed as sodium oleate, mg / kgmax 10See A.1.8
Metals, mg / kg (**)
ironmax 1,5UNI EN ISO 8294
coppermax 0,1UNI EN ISO 8294
lead (1) max 0,1UNI EN ISO 12193
arsenicmax 0,1See A.2.1
Solvents, mg / kg (***)
hexanemax 1
CARATTERI ORGANOLETTICI
smell and tasteDelicate flavor characteristic of the oil, free from anomalous or unpleasant odors or tastes
appearanceclear 20°C
colorthe spectrophotometric absorptions, measured on diluted oil with the same volume of hexane, in a 1 cm tray, with reference to normal hexane, must not exceed the values ​​of 0.20 and 0.10 respectively at 420 and 453 nm
Permitted additives and relative limitsAccording to current legislation (2)
Aromatic polycyclic hydrocardidesAccording to CE 333/07 and subsequent amendments
Composition of fatty acids, GLC (capillary),% ISO 5508Composition of sterols, GLC (capillary),% See A.1.4
CHARACTERISTICREQUIREMENTSCHARACTERISTICREQUIREMENTS
C12:0 - Lauric AcidNDCholesterolND - 0,5
C14:0 - Myristic acidND - 0,3BrassicasteroloND - 0,2
C16:0 - Palmitic acidfrom 5,5 a 11,024-Methylene cholesterol§
C16:1 - Palmitoleic acid *ND - 1,2Campesterolfrom 7,5 to 14,0
C17:0 - Heptadecenoic acidND - 0,2Campestanol§
C17:1 - Heptadecenoic acidND - 0,1Stigmasterolo7,5 to 12,0
C18:0 - Stearic acidfrom 3,0 a 6,5Delta 7 - Campesterol§
C18:1 - Oleic acid *from 12,0 a 28,0Delta 5.23 - Stigmastadienol §
C18:2 - Linoleic acidfrom 58,0 a 78,0Clerosterol§
C18:3 - Linoleic acidND - 1,0Beta - sitosterolfrom 64,0 to 70,0
C20:0 - Arachic acidND - 1,0Sitostanol§
C20:1 - Eicosenoic acidND - 0,3Delta5 - Avenasterolofrom 1,0 to 3,5
C20:2 - Eicosadienoic acidNDDelta 7.9 (0.11) - Stigmastadienol§
C22:0 - Behenic acidND - 0,5Delta 5.24 - Stigmastadienol§
C22:1 - Erucic acidND - 0,3Delta 7 - Stigmastenolfrom 0,5 to 3,5
C22:2 - Docosadienoic acidNDDelta7 - Avenasterolfrom 0,5 to 1,5
C24:0 - Lignoceric acidND - 0,4
C24 :1 - Tetracosenoic acidND

* Sum of positional isomers which may or may not be separated under the test conditions
** Codex Alimentarius
*** Law Decree n. 64/1993
(1) EC Regulation 466 of 08/03/2001
(2) At the date of publication of this standard, the D.M. n. 209 – 27.2.1996, (Official Gazette no. 96 – 24.4.1996)
§ The components indicated with § and for which no limit value has been set must not be taken into consideration for the purity assessment.
NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS
ISO 5508 – Animal and Vegetable fats and oils – Analysis by gaschromatografy of methilesthers of fatty acids
ISO 5509 – Animal and Vegetable fats and oils – Preparation of methyl esters of fatty acids
UNI EN ISO 663 – Vegetable and animal oils and fats – Determination of the content of insoluble impurities
UNI EN ISO 8294 – vegetable and animal oils and fats – Determination of the content of copper, iron and nickel. Method for atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite furnace.
UNI EN ISO 12193 – Vegetable and animal oils and fats – Determination of lead content. Method for atomic absorption spectrometry with a graphite furnace.

APPENDIX (information)
A BIBLIOGRAPHY
A.1 NGD REFERENCE METHODS (GRASS STANDARDS AND DERIVATIVES)
A.1.1 NGD C18- Determination of the relative density
A.1.2 NGD C31 – Determination of the refractive index
A.1.3 NGD C32- Determination of the iodine number according to Wijs
A.1.4 NGD C71 – Determination of sterol composition by capillary column gas chromatography
A.1.5 NGD C72 – Determination of sterol content by capillary column gas chromatography
A.1.6 NGD C10 – Determination of acidity
A.1.7 NGD C35 – Determination of the number of peroxides
A.1.8 NGD C8 – Determination of soaps
A.2 OTHER REFERENCE METHODS
A.2.1 AOAC 963.21 – 1990 Arsenic in food. Kjeldahl Flask Digestion. Final action.
AOAC 952.13- 1990 Arsenic in food. Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate method. Final action.